How to Read This Site: From DNA to Disease

This site presents biology as a layered system, where measurement, regulation, and phenotype are connected rather than isolated.

Modern biology is structured because biology itself is structured. DNA encodes potential. Regulatory systems determine accessibility. RNA reflects active programs. Proteins execute function. Disease emerges when these layers interact over time.

If you are new, read in the order below.

Step 1 — Understand What Is Being Measured

• What We Mean by Genetic Data: DNA and RNA
• DNA Sequencing Explained
• Genotyping Arrays Explained
• RNA Sequencing Explained
• Comparative Analysis: What Each Measures and Why

These articles clarify a foundational idea: biology is layered because measurement is layered.

Step 2 — Observed Structure Is Not Mechanism

• What PCA Captures in Genetic Data and What It Doesn’t

Statistical structure does not automatically reveal biological causality.

Step 3 — From Variants to Disease

• What Are Complex Diseases?
• Coding vs Regulatory Variants
• From Variants to Effects

Here the question shifts from measurement to mechanism. Most common diseases are not caused by single broken proteins. They emerge from distributed regulatory shifts across the genome.

The Larger Frame

Genome → Regulation → Expression → Function → Disease

No single dataset explains disease biology. Understanding requires placing each measurement layer in context.

Future additions will expand into epigenomics, 3D genome organization, and multi-omic integration.